A strong US reference letter is specific, relevant, and enthusiastic. It opens by clearly stating your relationship to the person and how long you have known them, gives two or three concrete examples of their abilities or character, and closes with an unambiguous recommendation. Vague or lukewarm letters are often worse than no letter at all — only write one if you can do so positively.

Yes, and this is very common — particularly in professional and academic contexts. Many referees are happy to sign a letter drafted by the applicant if it accurately reflects their views. LetterDeck generates a professional draft in the first person from the referee's perspective, which the referee can review, adjust, and sign on their own letterhead.

Reference letter writers are generally protected from defamation claims if their statements are truthful, based on direct experience, and made in good faith. Many US employers limit official references to confirming job title and dates of employment to avoid liability. As an individual writing a personal reference, stick to what you know from direct experience and avoid speculation.

A professional reference speaks to the subject's work performance, skills, and professional conduct — typically written by a manager, supervisor, or colleague. A character reference speaks to the person's broader character, integrity, and suitability — written by someone who knows them personally, such as a mentor, community leader, or professor. Character references are commonly required for court proceedings, immigration, and volunteer roles.